Ionic Equilibrium, pH and Buffers

Ionic equilibrium at PGT depth: Arrhenius, Bronsted–Lowry and Lewis acid-base theories, ionic product of water Kw, pH/pOH scale and calculations, Ostwald dilution law, salt hydrolysis, buffer solutions and the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation, buffer capacity, solubility product Ksp and common-ion effect, indicators and acid-base titration curves.