Aldehydes and Ketones

The carbonyl chapter at PGT depth: the C=O group's structure and polarity, nucleophilic addition mechanism, the aldehyde-ketone reactivity ladder, the named reactions (aldol, Cannizzaro, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, iodoform), the distinguishing tests (Tollens, Fehling, Schiff), and the α-hydrogen chemistry that runs enolate reactions.