Listening

This chapter builds Listening as an active meaning-making skill for CTET Paper 2 Language I/II pedagogy. It covers hearing versus listening, process stages, bottom-up and top-down processing, purposeful tasks for Classes VI-VIII, pre-while-post lesson design, barriers and strategies, authentic materials, brief assessment of listening, NCF/NEP/NCF-SE context, and high-frequency exam traps — kept strictly on the skill, not on role-of-listening as a principle or full proficiency evaluation.