L2 principles of language teaching

This chapter builds L2 principles of language teaching for CTET Paper 2 (Classes VI-VIII English as Language II). It covers meaningful communication, learner-centredness, contextualised language, integration of skills, formative feedback, motivation and affect, scaffolding, multilingual resources, authenticity, and progression from known to new. It shows how principles guide method choice without method worship, distinguishes sibling chapters on acquisition theory, listening-speaking and critical grammar in one line each, trains high-frequency traps (principle equals one method, English-only as principle, drills as communicative, primary teacher admin distractors), and applies principles through caselets aligned with NEP/NCF multilingual leanings.